Chapter 13 Summary

Anthony Langarica
World History 2
Chapter 13

Through-out the course of our history, their have been three centruries of modern eras. This would happen between the times of 1450-1750. Imperial systems started to transform destroying old societies and creating new ones.

Geography plays an important role for ones community. European inventions also took place. Mapmaking, navigation, sailing techniques and a ship designs were some of the earliest inventions by the Europeans. After the Americas were found the Europeans had highly agricultural land underpinning the "long term growth of European economy.

When the europeans came to the Americas, the Indians and indiginous people werent familiar with the types of germs and diseases that these new people were carrying. So through this time the indiginous people got ill and diseases such as smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria and yellow fever.

When these people came into contact this these diseases, many of the population died out. In fact an estimated 90% of the population died and it was noted that... "It was as if the suffering these diseases has caused in Eurasia over the past milliennia were concentrated into the span of decades." (pg 466)

After the Great Dying had accorded, the Little Ice Age happened. The Little Ice Age is " a period of colder climate and increased glaciation occuring between warmer periods, in particular one such period which reached its during the 17th century."

The Columbian Exchange was a way to transfers different types of goods to different areas around the world. They exchanged this such as plants, animals, fruits, cultures, technology and ideas. The columbian exchange happened between the 15th and the 16th century.

When the Europeans came to the Americas they took over the "old world" and showed promise to the "new world" not by conquering but by "generating an entire new society." Also european rulers viewed their realms through provailing economic theory. This is know as mercantilism. Mercantilism is "the economic theory that trade generates wealth and its stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which government should encourage by means of protectionism."

Russian authorites demanded an oath of allegiance in which native people swore "eternal submission to the grand tsar." Which is the monarch of the Russian Empire. They also demanded that people pay them in cash or in kind. In Siberia many people gave fur in order to pay their debts.

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